Samia ricini is an important non-mulberry silkworm species with considerable nutritional and economic significance in the sericulture industry. In addition to silk production, its developmental stages have potential nutritional value, while Eri culture provides opportunities for income generation and small-scale rural livelihoods. Castor (Ricinus communis) is one of the principal host plants of S. ricini and supports its growth and development under laboratory conditions. However, the seasonal availability of host leaves can limit continuous rearing, highlighting the potential importance of artificial diets. The present study aimed to assess the morphological, developmental, and biochemical characteristics of S. ricini reared on castor leaves and to evaluate semi-synthetic artificial diets for larval rearing. Selected macromolecules were analyzed at different developmental stages, and the breaking properties of S. ricini and Bombyx mori silk fibres were compared. Fifth-instar larvae exhibited the highest soluble protein concentration (6.75 mg/mL) and carbohydrate concentration (4.4 mg/mL), whereas prepupae showed higher ash (3.50%) and crude fibre (2.38%) contents. Larval development was accompanied by distinct morphological changes across successive instars, reflecting the developmental transitions associated with metamorphosis. Larvae reared on fresh castor leaves showed better growth and survival than those reared on the artificial diets, while Diet 01 performed better than Diet 02. The findings indicate that castor leaves remain a suitable host for the growth and development of S. ricini, whereas the artificial diets tested require further optimization to improve larval performance. Nevertheless, the ease of preparation and storage of the diets suggests their potential utility for laboratory rearing and for reducing dependence on seasonal host-plant availability. Overall, the study provides information on the nutritional characteristics, biology, and dietary requirements of S. ricini that may contribute to the development of improved rearing strategies.
VOLUME 17, ISSUE 08, August, 2026
Cette étude a pour objectif d’établir un lien de cause à effet entre les stéréotypes parentaux et la réussite scolaire des filles dans les séries scientifiques en classe de seconde en Côte d’Ivoire. Elle s’inscrit dans la théorie de la socialisation familiale de Pourtois, J. P. et Desmet, H. (1991), la théorie du soutien social de Cobb, S., citée par PARLAT (2008) et la théorie sociocognitive de la carrière de Lent cité par CORBEIL (2010). Ainsi, une enquête a-t-elle été réalisée auprès des autorités administrative scolaires à savoir les directeurs d’école, les enseignants, les éducateurs, des parents et les filles-élèves en Côte d’Ivoire (n = 650). Les instruments de recueil de données sont la recherche documentaire et l’enquête-interrogation. Les méthodes quantitative et qualitative ont été privilégiées pour l’analyse de données. Les résultats s’articulent sur les points suivants: les fondements de l’influence des stereotypes parentaux, à savoir l la perception parentale de la difficulté des séries scientifiques pour les filles, la fréquence des encouragements du parent à choisir une filière scientifique et le dégré de valorisation par le parent des carrières non-scientifiques pour les filles sont conformes aux données de terrain de cette recherche. Tout cela renforce les prejugés parentaux qui impactent l’orientation des filles.
The soils of Burkina Faso are poor in major nutrients, with a particularly pronounced deficiency in phosphorus. However, the country has enormous deposits of natural phosphate (Burkina phosphate), but these are little used in agricultural production because of their slow solubilization. Phosphate rock was therefore processed to make the phosphorus more readily available to crops. This processing involved partial acidification and calcination. The objective of the study was to test the effectiveness of partially acidified (BPA) or calcined (BPC) Burkina phosphate on soil chemical properties and maize yield. A completely randomized Fisher block design with seven treatments and four replicates was therefore set up in western Burkina Faso. The treatments consisted of T0: (urea)+P (TSP)+K (KCl); T1: N (urea)+(TSP)+K (KCl)+BP; T2: N (urea)+P (BPC)+K (KCl); T3: (urea)+(BPA)+(KCl); T4: compost+T1; T5: compost+T2; T6: compost+T3. The data collected were soil chemical parameters and maize yield. At harvest, high pHwater values (5.4±0.08), high organic carbon (0.47±0.08%) and total nitrogen (0.043±0.006%) contents were observed with treatment T6. The same treatments T4 (116.99±1.70 mg/kg) and T6 (16.77±3.70 mg/kg) had the highest levels of available phosphorus. For grain yields, treatments T4 (2964±210 kg/ha) and T6 (2809±150 kg/ha) recorded the highest values. The use of BPA + compost can increase soil phosphorus content and sustainably increase maize yields in Burkina Faso compared to commercial phosphate fertilizers.
Dans les régions sahéliennes, les collectivités territoriales sont confrontées à des changements climatiques qui affectent les systèmes de production et les moyens d'existence des populations. Cette étude analyse les tendances et le niveau d’intégration des changements climatiques dans les Plans de Développement Communal (PDC)de Bandé. L’étude repose sur des données climatiques journalières couvrant la période 1981-2024, complétées par des enquêtes auprès des acteurs locaux et une évaluation des documents de planification communale. Les tendances climatiques ont été caractérisées à l'aide du test de Pettitt, de l'indice standardisé de précipitation et d'indicateurs agroclimatiques. Une grille d'évaluation a ensuite été utilisée pour apprécier le niveau d'intégration des enjeux climatiques dans les PDC et la cohérence des stratégies d'adaptation proposées. Les résultats révèlent une augmentation des températures, une recrudescence des pluies extrêmes et des inondations ainsi qu'une modification des caractéristiques des saisons agricoles. Les populations confirment ces évolutions et leurs impacts croissants sur l'agriculture, les infrastructures et les ressources naturelles. L'analyse des PDC met en évidence une amélioration de l'intégration des enjeux climatiques entre 2014-2018 et 2023-2027. Toutefois, cette progression reste essentiellement concentrée au niveau du diagnostic. L'évaluation des stratégies d'adaptation montre que seule une faible proportion des risques identifiés fait l'objet de réponses véritablement adaptées. L'étude conclut,d’une part, que l'intégration du changement climatique dans la planification locale reste plus formelle qu'opérationnelle et d’autre part,elle souligne la nécessité de renforcer l'utilisation des données climatiques dans les diagnostics territoriaux et d'améliorer la cohérence entre les risques observés, les priorités d'action et les investissements communaux.
This article investigates the parameters that influence shearing cutting forces for three grades of sheet metal materials. A test setup was designed to carry out the cutting experiments. The experimental design implemented takes into account the influence of process parameters (cutting rate and sheet orientation) and geometric parameters (cutting edge radius). The influence of the material type is analyzed through the use of three sheet metal grades. On the one hand, the results show that shearing cutting forces increase proportionally with the material's ultimate tensile strength. Among all the factors studied, the material grade (especially the ultimate tensile strength) has the greatest influence on the shearing cutting force. On the other hand, the tool radius, sheet orientation, and the cutting rate influence the cutting force to a similar extent.
Food insecurity remains a significant global problem especially in developing countries like Nigeria. This challenge increases human suffering and predisposes young, adult and aged to disease attack, impaired human growth and reduced life expectancy. Hence, this study examined the determinants of food security among farming households of South-South region of Nigeria. Secondary data of General Household Survey data, wave 4, panel 2018/2019 from the National Bureau of Statistics was used for the study. Purposive sampling was used to select Delta and Akwa Ibom states from the region. Three hundred and sixty-seven (367) farming households were randomly selected for the study. Descriptive statistics, food security index and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) were used for data analysis. The result revealed that above average (60.39%) were food secure during post-harvest season. The regression result revealed that increase in food expenditure (p=0.001) has the likelihood to raise food security while increase in household size (p=0.016) and household head age (p=0.0001) have the probability of reducing their food security. It was also revealed that three prominent coping strategies that ranked first, second and third were eating less preferred food, eating few kinds/varieties of food and eating reduced quantity of food respectively. This study concluded that increase in food expenditure has the likelihood of affecting food security status of the farming households in South-South during post-harvest season. Farming households were therefore encouraged to spend more on cheaper but nutritive food items. Government should also make quick and informed policies to aid food security status of farming households in regions experiencing social and environmental disasters.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene transcription accounts for most of the RNA in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Nucleolus organizer regions (NORs), which span millions of base pairs, include hundreds to thousands of tandemly repeated head-to-tail rRNA genes in eukaryotes. RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) transcribes these nucleolar rRNA genes, and the expression of these genes is regulated by the physiological requirement for ribosomes. Regulation occurs at several levels, one of which is an epigenetic on/off switch that controls the number of active rRNA genes. Additional mechanisms then fine-tune transcription initiation and elongation rates to dictate the total amount of rRNA produced per gene. In this review, we focus on the DNA and histone modifications that comprise the epigenetic on/off switch. In both plants and animals, this system is important for controlling the dosage of active rRNA genes. The dosage control system is also responsible for the chromatin-mediated silencing of one parental set of rRNA genes in genetic hybrids, a large-scale epigenetic phenomenon known as nucleolar dominance. First described in interspecific plant hybrids and allopolyploids, nucleolar dominance has become a valuable model for understanding RNA-guided chromatin regulation and epigenetic gene silencing. Rather than arising from differences in DNA sequence, nucleolar dominance is established and maintained through coordinated interactions between chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and diverse classes of non-coding RNAs. In plants, the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway, involving RNA Polymerases IV and V, Dicer-like proteins, Argonaute proteins, and 24-nucleotide small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), plays a central role in directing sequence-specific DNA methylation and heterochromatin formation at inactive ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci. These RNA-mediated pathways function together with ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes, histone deacetylases, and DNA methyltransferases to establish stable transcriptional repression. In mammals, although classical nucleolar dominance is uncommon, selective silencing of subsets of rRNA genes is regulated through promoter-associated RNAs (pRNAs), long non-coding RNAs, the Nucleolar Remodeling Complex (NoRC), and epigenetic modifications that determine the balance between active and inactive rDNA repeats. Collectively, these mechanisms ensure appropriate ribosome biogenesis, preserve genome integrity, maintain nucleolar organization, and enable cellular adaptation to developmental and environmental cues.
Animal diversity is a key component of ecosystem stability and sustainable development. The Bundelkhand region of Central India spread across UP and MP supports a variety of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes and insects. The region supports a diverse assemblage of vertebrate and invertebrate fauna despite recurrent droughts, rocky terrain, and increasing anthropogenic pressures. However Rapid Habitat degradation, deforestation, mining, climate change, water scarcity and human- wildlife conflict have severely affected its faunal diversity. These factors have contributed to declining wildlife populations and degradation of natural habitats. Conservation of biodiversity in this region therefore requires an integrated approach involving habitat restoration, scientific wildlife monitoring, landscape level planning, community participation, environmental education, and effective implementation of national wildlife legislation. The study highlights the ecological significance of protected forests, river system, wetlands, and community managed landscapes in maintaining biodiversity. The findings demonstrate that sustainable conservation in Bundelkhand depends upon balancing ecological protection with socio – economic development. Strengthening habitat connectivity, improving watershed management, reducing anthropogenic disturbances, and encouraging community based conservation programmes are essential for maintaining the ecological integrity of this unique semi-arid landscape. This paper reviews the major threats to animal diversity in Bundelkhand region and proposes practical conservation measures to sustainable biodiversity management. Recent studies also document the declining populations of vultures, Cliff dwelling Bird and Habitat specific bat in the region.
L’élevage pastoral sahélien joue un rôle prépondérant dans l’économie des pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. Ces systèmes d’élevage mobile apparaissent comme la principale activité agricole de valorisation durable d’une ressource naturelle fragile et éparse dans les zones sèches sahéliennes dont la couverture végétale est particulièrement malmenée. Toutefois cet élevage est souvent aussi source de dégradation des ressources naturelles. Cette étude a été menée afin de caractériser la structure de la végétation du milieu, en s’appuyant sur la méthode des relevés dendrométriques qui a permis de décrire et d’analyser la composition et l’organisation du peuplement ligneux. Une enquête a été réalisée auprès des agents de gestion de la Réserve Sylvopastorale de Mpal Mérinaghen(RSMM). L’analyse de la structure et des paramètres dendrométriques a montré que la RSMM est dominé par des individus de diamètre important et de hauteur moyenne. La cause d’infraction la plus importante est l’élagage abusif dû à l’alimentation du bétail du bétail durant les périodes de soudure suivi de la carbonisation. Les espèces les plus menacées sont Acacia tortilis, Balanites aegyptiaca, Faidherbia albida, Adansoniadigitata. Les motifs sont très nombreux et variables avec l’alimentation du cheptel comme motif principal et la carbonisation qui prend de l’ampleur dans la zone. Ainsi des stratégies de sensibilisation et d’accompagnement devraient être menées auprès de ces éleveurs de la zone pour leur permettre d’avoir d’autres alternatives pouvant leur procurer du fourrage.
Les sécheresses récurrentes constituent l’un des principaux facteurs de vulnérabilité des systèmes pastoraux au Burkina Faso, en particulier dans la région de la Boucle du Mouhoun. Cette étude vise à analyser l’impact des sécheresses sur les ressources pastorales en mobilisant une approche intégrée combinant l’indice standardisé des précipitations (SPI) et l’indice de santé de la végétation (VHI). Les données climatiques CHIRPS (1981–2023) et les données satellitaires NOAA/NESDIS (1981–2024) ont été exploitées pour caractériser l’évolution des anomalies pluviométriques et du stress végétal sur plus de quatre décennies. Le SPI a permis d’identifier quatre années critiques (1984, 1995, 2014, 2021) reflétant différentes intensités de sécheresse, tandis que l’analyse du VHI pour les mois de juin, juillet et août a révélé une dégradation progressive des pâturages, mais également des dynamiques différenciées selon les zones géographiques. Les résultats montrent qu’au-delà des sécheresses extrêmes historiques, les épisodes récents, même modérés, ont entraîné des impacts disproportionnés sur la végétation, suggérant une perte de résilience écologique. De plus, le gradient nord–sud caractéristique de la région tend à s’effacer, signalant une homogénéisation du risque pastoral. En conclusion, l’étude souligne la nécessité d’intégrer les deux indices dans un système d’alerte précoce, de renforcer la gouvernance et la gestion territoriale des ressources, et de promouvoir la restauration écologique afin de préserver la durabilité des systèmes pastoraux et la sécurité alimentaire des populations.
India has a rich and lasting tradition of scientific and technological achievement spanning mathematics, astronomy, metallurgy, medicine, civil engineering, and organized higher education since ancient times. The paper examines five domains in science and technology viz. the mathematical and astronomical development through the contributions of Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, and their successors; the metallurgical development; the surgical and anatomical knowledge; the urban planning and hydraulic engineering of the Indus Valley Civilization; and the institutionalized learning as reflected by Nalanda and Takshashila. The paper explores literature of archaeometallurgical studies, medical history, and the history of mathematics, and found that these achievements were the product of sustainable, collective learnt traditions that combined empirical observation, systematic documentation, and sharing of ideas across people of different generations. It is further reflected how these knowledge traditions diffused to the Islamic world, China, and Europe, shaping the global history of science. Implications for contemporary relevance in indigenous knowledge systems are discussed.
The Birimian basement of Côte d’Ivoire is characterized by a complex tectono-metamorphic history, yet the structural evolution of the Kan granito-gneissic complex (KGC) and the Comoé metasediments (CMS) remains insufficiently documented. This study combines teleanalytic mapping with field-based structural measurements to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of these formations. Lineament analysis highlights four principal orientations (E-W, N-S, NE-SW, NW-SE), which correspond to successive ductile and brittle deformation phases. In the metasediments, three phases (D1–D3) were identified: D1 marked by schistosity and shear planes, D2 by crenulation schistosity linked to NNE-SSW compression, and D3 by late brittle faults including the Dimbokro shear zone. In the gneiss formations, four phases (Dn–Dn+3) were recorded, with Dn+1 characterized by foliation, shear planes, and folds, Dn+2 by open folds and dextral shear zones, and Dn+3 by brittle strike-slip faults and conjugate joints. These structures reveal a polyphased tectogenesis dominated by transpressive and compressive regimes. The Brobo shear zone and the Dimbokro fault emerge as major tectonic features controlling regional deformation. The results not only clarify the tectonic evolution of the Ivorian Birimian basement but also provide new insights into the geodynamic framework of the West African Craton, with implications for mineral exploration and regional tectonic correlations.
Contexte: L'intégration de l'intelligence artificielle (IA) en Afrique constitue à la fois une opportunité de développement socio-économique et un défi structurel majeur, marqué par une fracture numérique, une dépendance technologique et une sous-représentation des perspectives africaines dans la gouvernance mondiale de l'IA. Objectifs: Cette étude propose un cadre intégré reliant les fondements mathématiques de l'IA (algèbre linéaire, optimisation convexe, théorie des matrices aléatoires, analyse fonctionnelle) aux contraintes contextuelles africaines, en testant l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'apprentissage fédéré (Federated Learning, FL) constitue une solution viable face aux limites infrastructurelles. Méthodes: L'approche combine une revue bibliométrique (63 000 publications indexées Scopus, période 2013-2025), une modélisation formelle des algorithmes d'agrégation (FedAvg, FedProx, SCAFFOLD, FedAlign) et une analyse documentaire de stratégies nationales et d'études de cas multi-pays (n = 8-47 pays africains selon les sous-études). Résultats: L'Afrique représente 2 % de l'usage mondial de l'IA et 0,06 % des publications de haut niveau en vision par ordinateur ; aucun des 100 premiers clusters HPC n'y est localisé. Les protocoles d'apprentissage fédéré adaptés (AFFL) réduisent les rounds de communication de 60-70 %, améliorent l'équité institutionnelle de 56 à 68 % et maintiennent une précision > 0,85 sous 90 % de défaillance de nœuds. Le cadre FAEL (47 pays) détecte les épidémies 4,2 jours plus tôt (R² = 0,847). Discussion: Les résultats valident l'hypothèse de l'apprentissage fédéré comme levier de souveraineté, à condition d'être couplé à une éthique endogène inspirée de l'Ubuntu et à une indexation systématique des productions via les codes MSC (68T01, 90C15, 62F15). Conclusion: Le passage de l'Afrique du statut de consommateur à celui de créateur souverain d'IA exige une articulation tripartite : rigueur mathématique, frugalité algorithmique et ancrage éthico-culturel.
Raising the level of knowledge regarding ACLS among nursing students. Promotion of STP include various determinants regarding ACLS. In the present study a pre-experimental design and pre-test and post-test design was used to find out the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programmed. Total 100 subjects were selected by convenience sampling technique. Structured Teaching Programme developed by the investigator was implemented after 7 days post-test was conducted. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used for data analysis. The results revealed that more than half of the subjects 82(82%) were in the age group of 19-21years. Pre-test knowledge score of the subjects (17.16±3.512) and post-test knowledge score of the subjects (22.7±1.380) was observed. Hence, the knowledge score significantly increased following the implementation of the “Structured Teaching Programme”. The findings also revealed that there was no significant association between socio-demographic variables and pre & post-test.
Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder. Lichenoid drug eruption/Drug induced lichen planus is an uncommon adverse effect of several drugs. Lichen planus can be distinguished from Lichenoid drug eruption by clinical and microscopic features. Although lichenoid drug eruptions are known adverse effects of anti-tubercular therapy (ATT), idiopathic lichen planus associated with ATT is rarely reported. A 72-year-old male, diagnosed case of lumbar canal stenosis with L2-L3 tubercular spondylodiscitis was started on ATT. Five months later, he developed intensely pruritic violaceous papules all over the body with oral mucosal involvement. Based on history and clinical appearance of lesion, the diagnosis of lichen planus was made. Dermatology consultation was taken and patient was managed with corticosteroids and dapsone, with continuation of ATT. On follow up there was significant symptomatic improvement. Lichen planus should be considered in patients receiving ATT who develop characteristic skin lesions, particularly when oral mucosal involvement is present. Early recognition and dermatological evaluation are essential for appropriate management.
Wounds are classified as neglected tropical diseases. Herbal medicines are widely used and play a significant role in the alternative management of infectious diseases, including chronic wounds, ulcers and injuries. The overall aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity and major compounds of the hydroethanolic extract of the leafy stems of Ageratum conizoides, following in vitro testing for cytotoxic activity. Phytochemical analysis was carried out using the standard differential reaction method. The major compounds with proven pharmacological properties were identified using UV-visible absorption spectrophotometry at characteristic maximum absorption wavelengths. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Cytotoxic activity was determined using the Artemia salina cell mortality rate assay. The hydroethanolic crude extract contains higher amounts of saponins (957.2±2.42 mgEqAG/g), condensed tannins (491.02±1.03 mgEqCAT/g) and alkaloids (411.15±10.66 mgEqAG/g) than phenolic compounds (389.70 ± 0.36 mgEqAG/g), flavonoids (380.57 ± 2.15 mgEqAG/g) and triterpenes (310.50 ± 0.26 mgEqAG/g). The hydroethanolic extract significantly reduced the DPPH radical with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 6.98 mg/mL. No cellular safety was observed for the extract with an LC50 of 1.62 mg/ml.
Water erosion is a serious threat in the Hamdara watershed. It mainly manifests itself in the form of gully erosion, which directly results in the silting up of low-lying areas and basins. The objective of this study is to characterise the spatio-temporal dynamics of gully erosion at the scale of the Hamdara watershed and to quantify the sediment flow deposited at the alluvial cone. The methodological approach adopted is based on remote sensing and topography, in particular the use of DGPS for intra-annual monitoring of two representative gullies (R1 and R2). The gully network has grown from 91 gullys totalling 77.72 km in 2005 to 213 gullys representing 127.33 km in 2024, an average increase of 2.61 km/year. Drainage density increased from 0.51 km/km² in 2005 to 0.83 km/km² in 2024, representing an increase of 42.33%. The total volume of eroded soil from R1 and R2 is estimated at 742,176 m³. R2 gully, which is more active, accounts for 596.93 m³ alone. Finally, the extension of the R2 gully cone reached 1,212 m² (17% of the initial area). This dynamic is now significant and needs to be taken into account in the fight against the silting up of basins.
Within the framework of sustainable development and the circular economy, it is essential to utilize natural materials derived from agricultural waste as adsorbents. The objective of this study is to investigate the removal capacities of nitrates and phosphates using biosorbents derived from cocoa shells and rubber tree residues, in order to identify the most suitable biosorbent for each type of pollutant.The optimal conditions for biosorbent preparation were determined using experimental design methodology. Throughout the study, including the Plackett–Burman design (PBD), the removal efficiency of nitrates and phosphates was used as the sole response indicator to evaluate material performance.The results showed that cocoa shells were more effective for phosphate removal, whereas rubber-based materials exhibited better performance for nitrate adsorption. This difference is attributed to the physicochemical properties of the ions and the surface characteristics of the biosorbents.
Accidental intraoral injection of formalin instead of local anaesthetic represents a rare but significant iatrogenic emergency in dental practice. Although formalin is an essential fixative for histopathology, its highly caustic nature makes it dangerous in the operatory environment when stored improperly. The incident typically occurs when colorless solutions are kept in unlabeled or repurposed local anaesthetic vials, a practice still prevalent in some clinical settings in India. Once injected, formalin produces immediate coagulative necrosis, severe inflammation, oxidative stress, and potential systemic toxicity. Published literature shows that all reported cases of such incidents originate from India, highlighting unique workflow and storage challenges in these settings. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the chemical properties of neutral buffered formalin (NBF), mechanisms of fixation, tissue injury patterns, clinical presentation, evidence-based management strategies, prevention, and medico-legal implications. Recommendations emphasize strict labelling, proper storage, clinician supervision, and staff training to eliminate the risk of such preventable events.
The investigation of green chemistry approaches in medicinal chemistry has been prompted by the growing need for efficient and ecologically friendly chemical synthesis methods. These articles emphasize environmentally friendly pyrazole derivative synthesis techniques, which are good substitutes for synthetic techniques that uphold green principles. They also focus on Schiff bases, formed by condensing carbonyl compounds and primary amines, which have diverse industrial and biomedical applications, and their synthesis is being made more sustainable through green chemistry. In this study, we present the synthesis of (Z)-1,5-dimethyl-4-(((3-(3-nitrophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) methylene) amino)-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one(9a-9j). This was achieved through the condensation of 4-amino-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one with a 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde derivative, utilizing the green solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The characterization of all newly synthesized compounds was accomplished through spectral data analysis, including IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized organic molecule derivatives was evaluated against a diverse array of microorganisms, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and pathogenic fungi. To further investigate this, molecular docking studies were conducted to determine the binding affinity and interaction patterns of the synthesized compounds (9a-9j) with the crystal structure of the Staphylococcus aureus (3GR6) target protein.
Severe acne with cystic eruptions and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common chronic dermatological concern, often associated with psychological distress and reduced self-esteem. A 19-year-old female presented with long-standing papulo-pustular and cystic acne involving face and upper back with suppuration and pitting scars, with minimal benefit from previous conventional interventions. Individualized homeopathic management was initiated based on totality of symptoms and classical homeopathic principles, along with systematic follow-ups. Marked improvement was observed in acne activity, suppuration, pigmentation, and overall confidence. This case highlights a visible transformation achieved at Dr Batra’s® Homeopathy Clinic.
Hypopigmented dermatoses in children, especially when recurrent and progressive, pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This case describes an 11-year-old male with rapidly progressive, multiple hypopigmented patches over the upper trunk, previously treated with conventional medicine with temporary relief and early relapse. A detailed classical homeopathic approach incorporating mental evolution, totality of symptoms, repertorisation, and miasmatic understanding was applied. Marked repigmentation, arrest of progression, and psychological transformation were achieved with individualized homeopathic treatment. This case highlights the effectiveness of classical homeopathy when practiced systematically at Dr Batra’s® Homeopathy Clinic, where true transformation occurred.
The need for adequate resistance against seismic forces is particularly highlighted as a consequence of the rapid urbanization and the demand for high rise structures. Although Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) moment-resisting frame (MRF) buildings are very popular in the construction industry due to their strength, durability and architectural flexibility, they are generally too flexible in respect of lateral stiffness for seismic safety in tall buildings. Various systems of bracing are used in RCC frames for improving structural stability and control of the lateral displacements. The purpose of this comparative seismic analysis is to demonstrate that the G+20 RCC moment resisting frame structure outperforms the G+10 structure under Seismic Zone III loading conditions as specified in IS 1893 (Part 1):2002. The analysis was carried out using STAAD.Pro software and included four different bracing configurations: center, corner, horizontal (HZ), and zigzag. The structural response was evaluated in terms of lateral displacement, storey drift, storey shear, stiffness, base shear, and material consumption. The results reveal that the Zigzag and HZ bracing systems considerably improve lateral stiffness while reducing displacement and drift in comparison to the conventional bracing systems. Using STAAD, four distinct bracing configurations—Center, Corner, Horizontal (HZ), and Zigzag—were examined. Advanced program. We looked at the structural response in terms of material consumption, stiffness, base shear, lateral displacement, storey drift, and storey shear.
Aevaluation of earthquake resistance behavior of reinforced concrete moment-resisting structures structures having G+10 and G+20 structural arrangementswas carried out through STAAD Pro V8i software V8i software analytical software under various earthquake-prone zones defined according to IS 1893:2016 provisions. The study examined the influence of structural geometry and bay arrangement on horizontal displacement response, inter-storey drift, floor-wise shear force, and stiffness characteristics. Three structural configurations with varying bay distributions in the X and Z directions were analyzed under static and dynamic loading conditions. Load combinations were developed according to Indian Standard provisions considering dead load, live load, and earthquake-induced effects. The analytical results demonstrated that taller buildings experienced larger horizontal displacement responses and inter-storey drift due to increased flexibility and reduced lateral rigidity. The G+20 models exhibited nearly 30–40% greater displacement response compared to G+10 structures under identical earthquake-induced conditions. Structural models with balanced bay spacing showed improved stiffness distribution and lower drift concentration across intermediate floors. Maximum floor-wise shear force was observed at lower floor levels because of cumulative earthquake-induced force transfer toward the foundation level. The comparative evaluation confirmed that optimized bay configuration significantly enhances earthquake-induced stability by controlling displacement and improving lateral load resistance. The study provides practical guidance for The earthquake-relatedplanning and analysis of medium- and tall-rise reinforced concrete buildings in earthquake-prone regions.
Medicinal plants are believed to be used as first aid to treat people as primary medicine for several thousands of years. Among most of the people some plant species play an important role for their daily needs such as food, clothing, shelter and also economically. These plants have various bioactive compounds which exhibit diverse pharmacological activities and traditional medicines that effectively cure our primary health problems. Species of Citraceae family are commonly found in Assam. People largely used for the preparation of juice both locally and in industry level. Besides use as juice these are also use for other purposes. Various parts like leaf, root etc are frequently used as well as the fruit. They use different parts against leprosy, asthma, cough, mental aberration, epilepsy, constipation, colds, coughs, sore throats etc. Nowadays, fruit or vegetable peel or waste materials also used in various purposes as like other parts of the plants. This study also highlights the importance of waste material of Citrus aurantifolia fruit. Therefore, benefits of peels and the phytocomposition is important to study broadly. Present study is designed to analyze the phytochemicals and increase the value of peel part economically or as health benefit.
The main objective of this article is to carry out a diagnostic analysis of water resources management and to propose an operational Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) framework adapted to Casiers A and B of Bongor, a strategic agro-irrigated area in southern Chad). The approach is designed to strengthen water sustainability and the agro-socio-economic resilience of local productive systems.This scientific article presents a methodological approach based on semi-structured interviews and group interviews (focus groups) using survey questionnaires and interview guides. Analysis of the sampled population shows a representation of 11% women compared to 89% men during the focus group. This is an indicator of the limited role that women occupy in agriculture and water management in Casiers A and B. The meeting with the local casier management council and water users recorded the participation of 59% farmers, 20% herders, 15% water and forestry agents, and 6% ANADER agents. These results reflect stakeholder involvement in the management and protection of irrigation water. Pesticide application frequencies were examined: 50% of farmers treat their crops only in the event of pest attacks or symptom appearance, while 30% apply treatments weekly. Application frequencies rarely account for climatic conditions (14%) or crops grown (6%). Another requirement of Good Agricultural Practices is the ecologically sound application of phytosanitary products. According to the farmers interviewed, quantities depend on the pesticide (70%), the crop (23%) and, to a lesser extent, manufacturer instructions (1.5%). However, some market gardeners reported applying fixed quantities regardless of the pesticide or crop; for example, 7% systematically apply half a litre per hectare. It should also be noted that the water table level has dropped considerably (1.7-2.23 m). Furthermore, 79% of farmers are unaware of the IWRM principle, compared to 21%; this shows that very few truly understand the concept of Integrated Water Resources Management. To successfully transpose IWRM to the local level, the Chadian State must apply the principle of decentralisation, enabling the transfer of administrative powers from the State to local authorities, adopted on 11 December 2006 under Law N006-33/PR/2006, while also enforcing the Water Code under Law No. 016/PR/99 of 18 August 1999, and introducing a new Water Code incorporating a National IWRM Plan (NIWRMP). The proposed IWRM framework identifies four main orientations corresponding to four levels of management.
Recurrent oral ulcers are a chronic, painful condition that significantly affects eating, quality of life, and emotional well-being. This case report presents a 10-year history of recurrent aphthous ulcers in the buccal mucosa with burning and pain aggravated during food intake, associated with stress sensitivity, irritability, and intolerance to domination. Despite persistent symptoms for years, individualized classical homoeopathic management led to sustained improvement with remission and enhanced overall well-being. A clear transformation was observed at Dr Batra’s® Homeopathy Clinic.
Background: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) associated with psychosexual dysfunction significantly affects quality of life and self-confidence. Conventional and alternative approaches often provide incomplete relief in chronic cases. Case: A 55-year-old male with long-standing anxiety, performance fear, overthinking, and erectile dysfunction presented with reduced sexual desire and marked anticipatory anxiety. Symptoms had roots in childhood insecurity and fear of loss of respect, gradually evolving into persistent performance anxiety in adulthood. Intervention & Outcome: Individualized classical homeopathic treatment with systematic follow-up over 18 months resulted in sustained improvement in anxiety regulation, confidence, and sexual performance, with remission maintained beyond 6 months. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that significant clinical transformation occurred at Dr Batra’s® Homeopathy Clinic.
Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of morbidity, with most cases attributed to common pathogens. However, infections caused by atypical, animal-associated organisms, such as Staphylococcus kloosii, pose unique diagnostic and management challenges. This report highlights a late-preterm infant born to a diabetic mother with multiple congenital cardiac anomalies who developed sepsis due to this unexpected organism. Notably, this case represents the first documented neonatal infection and the third overall human case of Staphylococcus kloosii infection, with the previous two cases reported in elderly patients.
Scientifically referred to as Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, the mung bean is a significant leguminous crop prized for its high protein content. A recent study looked at the complex protein composition of mungo seeds using a method called SDS-PAGE. This study revealed the number and distribution of distinct protein components within the seeds, which also showed a variety of protein bands with differing molecular weights. This study's results can potentially transform leguminous crop quality and protein content through selective breeding methods. Furthermore, this vital research can help direct the creation of novel, nutritionally enhanced food products. Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining was used to visualize the protein (polypeptides) bands, which showed various bands with different molecular weights, suggesting a complex protein (polypeptides) profile in Vigna mungo seeds. The intensity and dispersion of protein bands were also examined to assess the relative quantity of various protein components. A subsequent densitometric analysis quantitatively revealed Vigna mungo seeds' protein content. This study adds to a comprehensive understanding of the protein composition of Vigna mungo seeds, which could lead to improved leguminous crop quality and protein content by selective breeding. Moreover, food technologists and nutritionists may use the insights gained in creating novel food products with enhanced nutritional profiles.
This article presents an analysis of dry reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposits measured between 1998 and 2013 at five sites in INDAAF network, in West and Central Africa, representative of different African ecosystems: dry savannas, wet savannas and equatorial forest. Monthly, seasonal, and annual concentrations of nitrogen gases (NH₃, NO₂, HNO₃) are determined, and the variation in dry reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposits is studied. The results show that dry gaseous-Nr deposits largely dominate total-Nr deposition (approximately 97 to 99%), with maximum ratio in equatorial forest (Zoétélé) and minimum ratio in dry savanna (Banizoumbou). Conversely, the contribution of particulate-Nr deposits remains low (1 to 3%) and varies little between sites. Dry gaseous-Nr deposits increase gradually along the ecosystem transect: dry savanna – wet savanna – equatorial forest during the dry season. In the wet season, they increase in dry savanna but decrease in wet savanna and forest. Particulate-Nr deposits is generally higher during the dry season. These results highlight the major influence of climatic conditions of each ecosystem on the variability of dry reactive nitrogen deposition.
Mushrooms are high in nutrients, including proteins, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive components like phenolic compounds, terpenes, steroids and polysaccharides. The demand for cultivating mushrooms is growing day by day, as people become more aware of its palatability and high nutritional worth. But diseases cause heavy losses in commercial mushroom farms worldwide. The output and productivity of commercial mushroom farming can be severely harmed by disease outbreaks. Intensive cultivation of edible mushrooms is commonly afflicted by fungal, bacterial, and viral infections which frequently result in significant production losses. Beside these, a number of non-infectious physiological disorders are found to occur frequently that reduce the yield of the crop. Warm temperatures, high humidity, and a low aeration rate, which are typical circumstances for mushroom growth, encourage the spread of these illnesses. Due to a short term crops, chemicals management of mushroom diseases are not recommended owing to residual dangers. As mushroom cultivation is a young, developing sector that is flourishing all over the world today. There is utmost necessary to pay greater attention to healthy mushroom production and proper disease management. In this article we described fungal, bacterial and viral diseases, several actinomycetes moulds and contaminants and non-infectious physiologic disorders that frequently occur in mushroom production farms. General and specific management practices of these diseases and disorders during mushroom production are also described.
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) is an indispensable, hyphenated analytical technique that has profoundly influenced the areas of chemistry, life sciences, and medicine. By synergistically combining the high-resolution separation power of Liquid Chromatography (LC) with the unparalleled selectivity and sensitivity of Mass Spectrometry (MS), LC-MS enables the qualitative identification and precise quantitative analysis of complex mixtures. This review article highlights the fundamental principles of LC-MS, surveys recent advances in its instrumentation, and discusses its transformative applications across three critical domains like pharmaceutical analysis, environmental analysis, and clinical diagnostics. Recent technological advances, especially in Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) and High-Resolution Accurate Mass (HRAM) analyzers such as the Orbitrap, have secured LC-MS/MS as a gold-standard technique that continues to drive innovation in drug discovery, environmental contaminant monitoring, and personalized medicine.
Dans un contexte marqué par la rareté des ressources en eau et la recherche des solutions durables pour l’agriculture en zones arides. Des sociétés industrielles mettent en place des dispositifs d’épuration des eaux usées pour l’irrigation. Cet article s’inscrit dans l’analyse des impacts socio-économiques et environnementaux liés à l’utilisation des eaux épurées dans la culture maraichère. Elle a été conduite sur le site irrigué de la SOMAIR (Société des Mines de l’Aïr) au Niger, ou la réutilisation des eaux usées traitées constitue une alternative face à la pression croissante sur les ressources hydriques conventionnelles. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les effets de l’irrigation à base d’eaux épurées.Ce travail n’est possible qu’en mettant en action les revenus des producteurs, la diversification des activités économiques, ainsi que les conditions de vie des ménages maraichers. Pour ce faire, une enquête de terrain a été réalisée auprès d’un échantillon de producteurs. Les données collectées ont été analysées à l’aide des outils statistiques descriptifs (analyses univariées et croisées), permettant de mettre en évidence les tendances socio-économiques et les perceptions environnementales. En effet, les résultats montrent que l’usage des eaux épurées contribue à l’augmentation des revenus (chez plus de 50% des exploitants), à une meilleure résilience économique (100%), ainsi qu’à un accès accru aux soins, à l’éducation et à l’alimentation (100%). Toutefois, les avis restent partagés concernant les impacts environnementaux: certains producteurs perçoivent des bénéfices écologiques (33% fertilité des sols, 17% lutte contre les sécheresses) tandis que d’autres expriment des inquiétudes liées à la salinisation (34%), la pollution (26%) et les maladies hydriques (40%).
In Benin, although the legal framework grants the Ombudsman of the Republic a central mandate in the prevention and resolution of disputes, the institution’s intervention in agro-pastoral conflicts remains structurally limited and only weakly effective in practice. This study examines the institutional, legal, and social factors that concretely restrict the institution’s room for maneuver in negotiating and monitoring mediation agreements between farmers and transhumant herders in the Zou Department. Adopting a qualitative approach, the study relies on semi-structured individual interviews and participant observation as methods of data collection. Fifty-two informants participated in the interviews. They were selected through purposive sampling based on the principle of theoretical saturation. The analysis of the data, informed by Weberian bureaucratic theory, highlights an internal organizational structure composed of interdependent services operating under the administrative authority of the Ombudsman. However, the absence of binding powers significantly limits the institution’s ability to enforce and sustain mediation agreements, particularly in the field of agro-pastoral conflicts. Ultimately, the findings show that although the legal texts formally grant a certain degree of flexibility to the Ombudsman’s scope of action, this scope is substantially reduced by structural, organizational, political, and social constraints.
The selective targeting ability of nanoparticles has overshadowed conventional cancer therapies. Recent studies have reported the anticancer potential of ZnO nanoparticles due to their high biocompatibility and selectivity. Through this study, the anticancer potential of biogenically synthesized glucose-capped (GC ZnO-NPs) and uncapped ZnO nanoparticles (UC ZnO-NPs) by aqueous leaf extract of Solanum nigrum has been assessed against the triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell line through induction of apoptosis and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The GC ZnO-NPs nanoparticles exhibited controlled cytotoxicity (IC50=63.6 µg/mL) compared to UC ZnO-NPs(IC50=108.8 µg/mL), which may be due to surface passivation that might have modulated nanoparticle-cell surface interactions. These findings suggest that modifying the surface properties of ZnO nanoparticles with biocompatible moieties can enhance their therapeutic potential, offering promising avenues for personalized nanotherapeutics and precision oncology.
When the ethnic conflict in Manipur erupted with devastating force in May 2023, the world's attention quickly polarised around two primary communities: the valley-dominant Meitei (predominantly Hindu) and the hill-dwelling Kuki-Zo (predominantly Christian). Villages burned, thousands were displaced, and the fault lines of ethnicity, religion, and land rights tore open the social fabric of one of India's most culturally layered states. Yet in the architecture of this tragedy, one community has remained persistently invisible - the Pangal, the Muslim of Manipur. The Pangal occupy a paradoxical position in the ongoing crisis. Ethnically, linguistically, and culturally bound to Manipur, they share the valley, the mother tongue, and many of the social customs of their Hindu counterparts. And yet, as Muslims, they are viewed with suspicion by segments of their own ethnic community, while remaining outside the fold of solidarity extended to Kuki or Naga. They belong everywhere and nowhere - a community whose very existence complicates the neat binaries that partisan narratives of the Manipur crisis prefer. This paper seeks to examine the distinct vulnerabilities, political marginalisations, and quiet acts of survival that define the Pangal experience within the current conflict. It argues that understanding their position is not peripheral but essential to any honest reckoning with the deeper crisis of belonging, citizenship, and pluralism in Manipur.
Mobilizable fresh water is a scarce and precious resource, generally stored in groundwater aquifers. Therefore, for effective management, it is essential to understand and simulate groundwater flow in saturated porous media. In our work, we presented the general principles of groundwater hydraulics and established the diffusivity equation. A numerical solution based on discretization using the finite difference method was developed. The results of the numerical simulation of a pumping test, performed using this mathematical model and represented by curves and tables showing the evolution of the head at a given distance from the well, were considered equivalent to those of an experimental setup. This allowed us to verify, in steady state, the radius of influence of the pumping test in the porous medium and, in transient state, its hydrodynamic parameters. The results obtained, compared with those of the numerical model, showed satisfactory agreement. This work opens up interesting perspectives for the modeling of aquifer systems and the management of groundwater resources.
This study provides the first assessment of the morphometry, length–weight relationship, and condition factor of Sarpa salpa in the Bizerte Lagoon, northern Tunisia, to enhance understanding of its population structure and growth dynamics. Morphometric traits, including body shape, fin dimensions, and eye and orbital measurements, were analyzed to provide a detailed description of the species’ morphology. The length-weight relationship indicated negative limitations in food availability, although the satisfactory condition index suggests that allometric growth, suggesting that fish grow more in length than in weight, whereas the Fulton condition factor reflected an overall good physiological state. The observed negative allometry may indicate potential the lagoon environment remains generally suitable for the species. These contrasting results emphasize the complex interaction between growth patterns and environmental conditions. The findings offer valuable baseline data on the biology and health of S. salpa populations, contributing to the sustainable management and future ecological monitoring of lagoonal ecosystems.
Lichen PlanusPigmentosus (LPP) is a chronic inflammatory pigmentary disorder that significantly impacts quality of life and often shows limited response to conventional management. This case study documents the successful classical homeopathic management of a middle-aged female presenting with progressive facial hyperpigmentation unresponsive to topical and supportive therapies. A detailed individualistic evaluation based on mental, physical, and general characteristics was undertaken, followed by repertorization and constitutional prescribing. Marked clinical improvement with sustained remission and enhanced quality of life was observed over a one-year treatment period. This case highlights a holistic transformation achieved through individualized homeopathic intervention at Dr Batra’s Homeopathy Clinic.
Palmo-plantar psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory dermatosis that significantly affects daily functioning and quality of life. Conventional and alternative systems often provide temporary relief with frequent relapses. This case study presents the long-term classical homeopathic management of a young adult male suffering from palmo-plantar psoriasis since early childhood, with recurrent winter aggravations and functional disability. Despite previous treatments, the condition persisted with repeated relapses. Individualized homeopathic treatment based on totality, constitutional assessment, and miasmatic understanding resulted in sustained clinical improvement, reduction in relapses, and enhancement of quality of life. A clear clinical and functional transformation was achieved at Dr Batra’s Homeopathy Clinic.
Dans le but de mettre en évidence la qualité des eaux et le risque des dégradations des sols agricoles dans le département de Loug-Chari, une étude a été réalisée. Une campagne de terrain a été menée pendant la période des basses eaux (mars 2023). Au cours de cette campagne, les paramètres physiques tels que le pH, la conductivité électrique, la température et le TDS ont été mesurés dans 24 ouvrages dont 2 puits ouverts, un échantillon d’eau de surface et 22 forages à motricité humaine. Un total de 25 échantillons d’eaux a été prélevé y compris l’eau de surface (le Chari). Ces échantillons ont été prélevés dans les flacons de 750 ml et expédiés au frais jusqu’au laboratoire national des eaux (LNE) pour l’analyse des paramètres chimiques (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, NO3-). Les résultats obtenus des paramètres in-situ ont montré que les eaux ont un pH variant entre 6,11 à 7,25 pour moyen 7,25 dans les ouvrages, et la température mesurée avoisine de la température de l’air ambiante qui est de 31,5°C. La conductivité électrique oscille entre 62µS/cm à 1323 µS/cm pour une moyenne de 412,60 µS/cm. Les valeurs de paramètres physiques mesurés sur le terrain respectent la norme de l’OMS. Les concentrations des paramètres chimiques analysés au laboratoire varient entre 3,28 mg/L à 72 mg/L avec une moyenne de 18,61 mg/L pour un écart de 13,55 mg/L. Ces valeurs sont inférieures à la norme de l’OMS (200 mg/L).Elles oscillent pour un minimum de 4,6 mg/L et 71 mg/L avec une moyenne de 28,92 mg/L et un écart de 16,76 mg/L pour le sodium. Ces analyses ont montré que la teneur en ion magnésium est faible dans les échantillons d’eau étudiés(0,437 mg/L et 26,244 mg/L). La valeur moyenne est de 4,73 mg/L et un ecartype de 6,24 mg/L. Le potassium, avec une concentration moyenne de 2,25 mg/L et un écart de 1,27 mg/L, pour un minimum de 0,4 mg/L et un maximum de 5,6 mg/L. L’anion, le plus dominant dans les échantillons analysés est le bicarbonate dont les teneurs varient entre 12,2 mg/L à 292,8 mg/L avec une moyenne de 80,54 mg/L. Ils ont un écart de 65,40 mg/L. Pour le chlorure, la moyenne est de 20,42 mg/L avec un minimum de 3 mg/L et un maximum de 70 mg/L dont l’écart est de 13,39 mg/L. Toutes ses concentrations sont inférieures à 250 mg/L (seuil de potabilité de l’OMS, 2004). Les teneurs en ion sulfate sont faibles dans les eaux. Elles varient de 0,00 mg/L à 68,00 mg/L avec une moyenne de 16,28 mg/L et d’un ecartype de 16,46 mg/L. Toutes ses valeurs sont inférieures à la norme de l’OMS (soit 250 mg/L). La moyenne des teneurs en nitrate de nos eaux est de 7,14 mg/L avec un minimum de 2,00 mg/L et un maximum de 22,00 mg/L dont son écart est 3,79 mg/L. Quantau fer, ses concentrations tournent autour de 0,01mg/L à 2,00 mg/L avec une moyenne de 0,18 mg/L, un ecartype de 0,50 mg/L. selon les consignes de l’OMS, certaines eaux contiennent des teneurs en fer qui dépassent la directive internationale (OMS = 0,3 mg/L). Pour l’ammonium, ses concentration moyenne est de 0,85 mg/L et atteint un minimum de 0,06 mg/L et un maximum de 3,6 mg/L. Ses teneurs sont supérieures à la norme de l’OMS (1,5 mg/L) dans certains forages ou puits et d’autres ont de teneurs inferieures à la norme de l’OMS (1,5 mg/L). L’acquisition des eaux en éléments chimiques dissouts s’effectuent par lessivage des roches encaissantes, et cela s’effectue par les processus d’échanges des bases. Les résultats d’analyses obtenus reportés dans le Diagramme de Piper ont permis d’identifier le faciès bicarbonaté calcique et magnésien et le faciès bicarbonaté sodique et potassique (figure 3A).
Bullous pemphigoid is a chronic autoimmune blistering disorder that significantly impairs quality of life. Conventional management often provides only temporary symptomatic relief with frequent relapses. This case report presents a 26-year-old female with recurrent vesiculo-bullous eruptions on both hands, associated with intense burning, itching, peeling of skin, and emotional distress, who had an inadequate response to prior conventional therapies. A classical homeopathic approach based on detailed case-taking, totality of symptoms, repertorization, and constitutional prescribing was adopted. Progressive clinical improvement with sustained remission and overall psychosomatic transformation was observed during follow-up. This case highlights a definitive transformation achieved through individualized homeopathic treatment at Dr Batra’s Homeopathy Clinic.
Chronic allergic rhinitis is a relapsing inflammatory condition often associated with impaired quality of life and long-term dependence on conventional medication. This case study documents a young female patient with chronic allergic rhinitis with nasal polyposis and intermittent bronchial symptoms of over two years’ duration, unresponsive to conventional management. A classical homeopathic approach based on individualization, life-space exploration, totality of symptoms, and miasmatic understanding was adopted. Over a 19-month treatment period, the patient demonstrated sustained symptomatic remission, normalization of laboratory markers, psychological stabilization, and significant improvement in health-related quality of life. This case demonstrates clear and sustained transformation achieved at Dr Batra’s Homeopathy Clinic.
Female Pattern Hair Loss (FPHL) is a chronic, progressive condition with significant psychosocial impact. Conventional and supportive therapies often provide limited or temporary relief. This case report documents the successful homeopathic management of a long-standing case of Female Androgenetic Alopecia Grade III with associated emotional stress, hair thinning, and scalp visibility. After multiple unsuccessful therapeutic attempts elsewhere, the patient showed sustained clinical improvement in hair fall, density, scalp coverage, and emotional well-being following individualized homeopathic treatment. This case highlights a clear transformation achieved at Dr Batra’s® Homeopathy Clinic.
Recurrent tonsillitis with allergic diathesis and low immunity is a common pediatric challenge, often leading to repeated antibiotic exposure without lasting relief. This case describes the holistic management of a 7-year-old male with recurrent tonsillitis, paroxysmal nocturnal cough, vomiting with cough, nasal obstruction, and strong allergic background, unresponsive to conventional management for over two years. A classical homeopathic approach based on individualization, totality of symptoms, and miasmatic understanding was adopted. Over a structured follow-up period, the child showed sustained improvement in immunity, respiratory health, and general well-being, demonstrating a clear transformation achieved through individualized homeopathic treatment at Dr Batra’s® Homeopathy Clinic.
This study presents an adaptive, optimization-based framework for the aerodynamic design and performance enhancement of wind turbine blade airfoil profiles operating under variable wind speed conditions. The proposed approach simultaneously optimizes key geometric parameters airfoil shape, chord distribution, and twist angle to maximize the power coefficient and improve overall energy capture efficiency. Eight NACA 4-digit airfoils are adopted as baseline configurations and systematically optimized using a parametric search strategy. Standard NACA analytical formulations are employed for airfoil coordinate generation, followed by adaptive modifications to camber, thickness, chord, and twist distributions to enhance aerodynamic responsiveness under fluctuating wind regimes. MATLAB is utilized as the primary simulation platform for geometric modeling, aerodynamic coefficient estimation, and performance evaluation. The results demonstrate that the optimized airfoil configurations exhibit refined geometric profiles, improved chord–twist adaptability, reduced drag penalties, and significantly higher lift-to-drag ratios compared to their baseline counterparts. Power coefficient improvements of up to 12.5% are achieved, alongside lift-to-drag ratio enhancements exceeding 30% for selected profiles. These findings confirm that adaptive geometric optimization substantially improves aerodynamic efficiency, stabilizes energy extraction, and enhances operational robustness of wind turbines subjected to variable wind conditions. The proposed framework provides a reliable and computationally efficient foundation for next-generation wind turbine blade aerodynamic design.
Predicting student academic performance from smartphone usage patterns requires careful preprocessing of heterogeneous mobile sensor data before deep learning model training. This research introduces AMIN (Adaptive Multimodal Imputation and Normalization), a systematic preprocessing framework designed to standardize noisy, incomplete smartphone behavioral data for educational prediction tasks. Through empirical evaluation across multiple deep learning architectures, we demonstrate that strategic preprocessing choices substantially impact model performance—often exceeding the improvements gained from architectural modifications alone. The AMIN framework integrates temporal-aware imputation for missing values, modality-specific normalization tailored to different sensor types, and per-student baseline adjustment to prevent identity-based shortcuts in learning. Comparative analysis shows AMIN achieving performance improvements of 8-14% over conventional preprocessing approaches across MLP, LSTM, and Bi-LSTM architectures. This work establishes a reproducible baseline preprocessing methodology that enhances model stability, enables fair architectural comparisons, and facilitates adoption of standardized practices in educational data science research.
In response to the alarming rise in obesity and hypertension among young people, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of regularly playing the traditional game " Lipato " as an extracurricular activity on the body composition and blood pressure of students in rural areas. The study was conducted on a sample of 64 students aged 18 to 22, divided into two equal groups: an experimental group (EG) that participated in a " Lipato " playing program for 12 weeks during the school holidays, and a control group (CG) that received no intervention. Anthropometric measurements, body composition (BMI, muscle mass, body water), and blood pressure (maximum heart rate, mean arterial pressure) were recorded before and after the protocol. The results showed significant improvements in the EG compared to the CG: reduced weight and BMI, and increased muscle mass and body water. A notable decrease in maximum heart rate and mean arterial pressure was also observed. Regular practice of the game "Lipato" contributes to improving students' physical and cardiovascular health. Integrating this game into extracurricular activity programs or during school holidays could represent an effective strategy for preventing obesity and hypertension in rural schools.
The goal of the current study is to conduct a comparative analysis of neural network architectures based on vulnerabilities identified by Open Worldwide Application Security Project in a web application context. This study comes from a descriptive and quasi-experimental model and is real data based empirical research. Moreover, in this study we identify the study as applied as the research aims to establish practical knowledge in a subject area. Our dataset is historical (post event), and the research design used is descriptive-correlational. We develop and analyze four different types of neural networks: Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Hybrid Neural Networks (Hybrid NNs) in our experiment. To accurately predict, identify and block cyberattacks, the structures were trained on past internet usage data. The research design involved the design of the web page, data collection for cyberattacks and normal operational data, data cleaning, design of the neural network, training of the network, integration of the network inside the web page, blocking mechanism for malicious requests, and performance evaluation of the neural networks. The models resulted in precision, recall and F1 values, together with an area under the ROC curve of 0.98, that reflects their effectiveness in appropriately segmenting related data. Furthermore, none of the models showed a risk of overfitting since they had approximately identical accuracy levels for both training and validation set, with no significant discrepancies noted. After training using FLASK API the models were also added in web page. After running high-intensity OWASP ZAP attacks it was observed that this program can spot the attacks efficiently and block an end user by entering bad information. In addition, the predictive, detecting, and blocking of cyber-attacks by three neural networks at the same rate (NN, RNN, and Hybrid) was 90% and the entire attack frequency was observed. Index Terms: Web application security, artificial neural networks, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, hybrid neural networks.