Call for Papers : Volume 17, Issue 02, February 2026, Open Access; Impact Factor; Peer Reviewed Journal; Fast Publication

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Close circuit universe and open circuit universe (dual universes model)

According to Hopkins’s theory, the universe was created through compression, where all materials, matter, and space were folded into a very tiny state. During this extreme compression, it blows off at the critical moment and explodes. This big bang movement then creates the universe [1]. Albert Einstein considers it as space-time since he views the universe as a whole, where time and space cannot be separated. Therefore, time needs space to grow, and space needs time to expand. This time-to-space relationship is the core concept of Einstein’s field theory of the universe [2]. Although their ideas can help explain why the universe begins and how it expands, they rarely discuss the existence of multiple universes or the possibility of different universes. In this research paper, we aim to explore a new idea for the formation of universes, considering the closed-circuit and open-circuit concepts of universes. That may provide insight into how we see the universe's mechanism differently. In addition, we will utilize the topology of Hamilton’s hypothesis as a tool to develop a new assumption that explains that other universes may exist beyond our origin, so that, we may explore the origins of space and time, in a different way of perspective, which may go beyond the traditional concept of the origin.

Author: 
Lie Chun Pong
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Journal Area: 
Physical Sciences and Engineering