In Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia, with up to 70,000 cases reported annually. Case-fatality rates range from 0.3% to 60% and depend on the population and age. Rare outbreaks in U.S. territories in the Western Pacific have also occurred. Residents of rural areas in endemic locations are at highest risk; Japanese encephalitis does not usually occur in urban areas. The districts situated in northern Bengal witnessed massive loss of life to a deadly fever coupled with tremor, rigidity & convulsion in later half of 2014 which results loss of more than 100 lives in northern West Bengal. Japanese encephalitis is a serious threat to particularly rural population and those lived closely to forest and involved in animal husbandry ,and the main multiplier pigs do not show any symptom of infestation apart from pregnant sows that faces abortion threat, though 1 in 250 develop deadly encephalitis but recent outbreak clearly delineates its devastating effect on human life. World health organization stresses on the need for increased regional and national awareness of JE and for international support to control the disease is urgent. JE vaccination should be extended to all areas where JE is a demonstrated public health problem. The most effective immunization strategy in JE endemic settings is a onetime campaign in the primary target population, as defined by local epidemiological data, followed by incorporation of the JE vaccine into the routine immunization programme. This approach has a greater public health impact than either strategy separately.
